作者：百年不渡 分类：未来幻想 点击：2164次 下载：12982次 大小：70M 日期：2026-08-26
一呼百应
夏春：美国增加关税带来全球贸易碎片化，最坏损失相当于日德GDP之和_我的网站
A |
周二拜登宣布向180亿美元中国商品，包括电动汽车、半导体、太阳能和电池，加征关税。经过测算，这些关税大约会使得美国的通胀同比增长一个基点，也就是0.01个百分点，对GDP的拖累也同样是一个基点，都可以忽略不计。 Colombo, Oct 20 (UNI) Amid growing criticism, Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe has justified a hike in income tax for both corporates and individuals, saying it was for the greater good of the country and critical to garner much needed financial support from the international community.
In an address to the nation, the President said the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with which the government has signed a Staff Level Agreement for a $2.9 billion four-year financial support, advised the need for a surplus in Sri Lanka’s primary budget, the Daily FT reported on Thursday.
“It was agreed to since the country needs the support of the IMF,” he was quoted him as saying.
“It was also decided to increase the country’s income from 8.5 per cent to 14.5 per cent of the GDP. However, it is a difficult task to accomplish immediately, it is envisaged to achieve this by 2026.
"Initially, a decision had to be taken on the manner in which the income is to be increased. Money was printed due to the decrease in income. During the past two years, Rs. 2,300 billion has been printed, resulting in inflation rising to 70-75 per cent and even more in respect of food inflation," he said.
Wickremesinghe said these increases need to be controlled, while securing income. Therefore, during the discussions with the IMF a new tax system was proposed. The IMF informed that even the export industries would be required to pay taxes.
The IMF pointed out that in countries with an export economy, the related industries were liable for tax. The IMF also upheld that Sri Lanka’s primary export economy is based on the plantation industry.
During British rule, taxes were charged from every plantation sector, including tea, coconut and rubber. Therefore, if the country has to move towards that goal, taxes will have to be paid. The export sector has now questioned this aspect and the related concerns are to be submitted to the IMF.
Referring to the issue of higher personal income taxation, the President said the majority of tax revenue was through indirect taxation. The majority of the country’s citizens, even those below the poverty line, had no choice but to pay indirect taxes, the President said.
The direct tax revenue was 20 per cent and 80 per cent has been derived from indirect taxes.
The IMF had reservations in this regard and said the amount of tax obtained through direct taxes should exceed 20 per cent. The IMF noted that otherwise this would not be successful and ordinary citizens would need to pay taxes, the President said.
Therefore, the Treasury and the IMF discussed the possibility of limiting the taxation from those who have an income of Rs. 200,000, which did not materialise. Eventually, this resulted in the decision to levy income tax on people earning over 100,000. This has become a vital concern amongst citizens.
But without this tax system, the desired goal will not be achieved. The agreed goal is to achieve 14.5-15 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) revenue by 2026, Wickremesinghe said.
If Sri Lanka withdraws from this programme, IMF assistance will not be received. Without IMF certification, the support of institutions such as the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and the countries that have supported financially will not be forthcoming. Then, Sri Lanka will be back to the era of queues, he warned.
In his address, Wickremesinghe also said the Government was ready to implement prudent economic management after successful debt restructuring.
He noted that it was not possible to strengthen the economy without increasing the revenue of the country, which will compel him to reluctantly make tough decisions in order to rebuild the nation.
The President pointed out how in November 2019, the country’s taxes were drastically reduced, reducing the government revenue to 8.5 per cent. This was when the IMF set aside the agreements with Colombo and declared that it was unable to provide the agreed assistance.
"That year the government lost approximately Rs. 600-700 billion as revenue. Simultaneously, the country had to face the Covid-19 pandemic. These issues are the main factors that led to the collapse of Sri Lanka’s economy.
"The country at this juncture is facing a difficult period. Expectedly tough decisions have to be taken during these difficult times. I undertook this challenge when no one else was willing to come forward."
UNI MR。因为4月通胀下行，市场预期9月降息，美股创出新高。影响不大的主要原因就是之前对中国电动汽车征收的25%的关税，使得原本中国对美国出口就很少。去年中国向美国出口了大约3.7亿美元的电动车，欧盟向美国出口了近 75 亿美元。中国仅占美国进口电动汽车的2%。德国、韩国和日本的占比分别为22%、21%和18%。采取加征关税减少竞争的方法来保护电动汽车，只会让美国汽车制造商进步缓慢。而且美国现在严重依赖中国生产的电池，加征关税只会使得整车成本更贵，美国想买电动车的老百姓就只能支付更高价格了。“关于关税，我们的观点是，美国最好保持其开放的贸易政策，这对其经济表现至关重要，”Kozack说，“我们还鼓励美国和中国共同努力，找到一个解决方案，解决加剧两国贸易紧张局势的根本问题。” 现在为拜登或者特朗普欢呼的选民，将来都会发现，是他们自己葬送了美国的就业和发展机会！
In an address to the nation, the President said the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with which the government has signed a Staff Level Agreement for a $2.9 billion four-year financial support, advised the need for a surplus in Sri Lanka’s primary budget, the Daily FT reported on Thursday.
“It was agreed to since the country needs the support of the IMF,” he was quoted him as saying.
“It was also decided to increase the country’s income from 8.5 per cent to 14.5 per cent of the GDP. However, it is a difficult task to accomplish immediately, it is envisaged to achieve this by 2026.
"Initially, a decision had to be taken on the manner in which the income is to be increased. Money was printed due to the decrease in income. During the past two years, Rs. 2,300 billion has been printed, resulting in inflation rising to 70-75 per cent and even more in respect of food inflation," he said.
Wickremesinghe said these increases need to be controlled, while securing income. Therefore, during the discussions with the IMF a new tax system was proposed. The IMF informed that even the export industries would be required to pay taxes.
The IMF pointed out that in countries with an export economy, the related industries were liable for tax. The IMF also upheld that Sri Lanka’s primary export economy is based on the plantation industry.
During British rule, taxes were charged from every plantation sector, including tea, coconut and rubber. Therefore, if the country has to move towards that goal, taxes will have to be paid. The export sector has now questioned this aspect and the related concerns are to be submitted to the IMF.
Referring to the issue of higher personal income taxation, the President said the majority of tax revenue was through indirect taxation. The majority of the country’s citizens, even those below the poverty line, had no choice but to pay indirect taxes, the President said.
The direct tax revenue was 20 per cent and 80 per cent has been derived from indirect taxes.
The IMF had reservations in this regard and said the amount of tax obtained through direct taxes should exceed 20 per cent. The IMF noted that otherwise this would not be successful and ordinary citizens would need to pay taxes, the President said.
Therefore, the Treasury and the IMF discussed the possibility of limiting the taxation from those who have an income of Rs. 200,000, which did not materialise. Eventually, this resulted in the decision to levy income tax on people earning over 100,000. This has become a vital concern amongst citizens.
But without this tax system, the desired goal will not be achieved. The agreed goal is to achieve 14.5-15 per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) revenue by 2026, Wickremesinghe said.
If Sri Lanka withdraws from this programme, IMF assistance will not be received. Without IMF certification, the support of institutions such as the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and the countries that have supported financially will not be forthcoming. Then, Sri Lanka will be back to the era of queues, he warned.
In his address, Wickremesinghe also said the Government was ready to implement prudent economic management after successful debt restructuring.
He noted that it was not possible to strengthen the economy without increasing the revenue of the country, which will compel him to reluctantly make tough decisions in order to rebuild the nation.
The President pointed out how in November 2019, the country’s taxes were drastically reduced, reducing the government revenue to 8.5 per cent. This was when the IMF set aside the agreements with Colombo and declared that it was unable to provide the agreed assistance.
"That year the government lost approximately Rs. 600-700 billion as revenue. Simultaneously, the country had to face the Covid-19 pandemic. These issues are the main factors that led to the collapse of Sri Lanka’s economy.
"The country at this juncture is facing a difficult period. Expectedly tough decisions have to be taken during these difficult times. I undertook this challenge when no one else was willing to come forward."
UNI MR。因为4月通胀下行，市场预期9月降息，美股创出新高。影响不大的主要原因就是之前对中国电动汽车征收的25%的关税，使得原本中国对美国出口就很少。去年中国向美国出口了大约3.7亿美元的电动车，欧盟向美国出口了近 75 亿美元。中国仅占美国进口电动汽车的2%。德国、韩国和日本的占比分别为22%、21%和18%。采取加征关税减少竞争的方法来保护电动汽车，只会让美国汽车制造商进步缓慢。而且美国现在严重依赖中国生产的电池，加征关税只会使得整车成本更贵，美国想买电动车的老百姓就只能支付更高价格了。
B |
在海外市场，中国电动车都可以凭借价格和技术取胜。美国车将一步步被边缘化，美国新能源产业会越来越落后。2020年大选，拜登猛烈抨击特朗普向中国3000亿美元进口商品的征税，严重伤害了美国，因为95%以上的关税都是由美国企业和家庭承担的。但拜登上任后，继承了这些关税，目的就是遏制中国的发展。而这一次加税主要目的是讨好摇摆州的选民。最新民调显示拜登在六个摇摆州的五个都落后特朗普。但是特朗普上台后，大概率会向所有国家加征关税，而且主要是针对中国。
C |
这几年贸易战打下来，美国经济学家都一致反对，新研究显示过去中美贸易顺畅时，美国家庭和企业都直接受惠，贸易战让大家直接受伤。即使是过去声称中国商品造成美国制造业工人失业的经济学家，也完全改变了态度。拜登加征关税的行为，也引来了IMF发言人Julie Kozack的批评。
D | 她表示，美国针对中国的贸易限制措施可能会扭曲贸易和投资，使得供应链碎片化并引发报复行动。她说：“这种碎片化可能会让全球经济付出高昂的代价。”
IMF确定2023年全球贸易限制约为3000项，高于2019年的1000项，在地缘政治集团严重分裂的最坏情况下，这可能会使全球经济产出减少约7%，相当于减少了日本和德国GDP的总和。
E |
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Published on:15:21:32
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